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The Spectre is one aspect of the fourfold nature of the human psyche along with Humanity, Emanation and Shadow that William Blake used to explore his spiritual mythology throughout his poetry and art. As one of Blake's elements of the psyche, Spectre takes on symbolic meaning when referred to throughout his poems. According to professor Joseph Hogan, "Spectre functions to define individuals from others () When it is separated (Emanation ), it is reason, trying to define everything in terms of unchanging essences." Thus, according to Samuel Foster Damon, Spectre epitomizes "Reason separated from humanity" and "Self-centered selfhood" or, as Alexander S. Gourlay puts it, Spectre is "characterized by self-defensive rationalization". Spectre appears in several of Blake's works, including ''Jerusalem'', ''Milton: a poem'' and ''The Four Zoas''. Because of its widespread presence in Blake's more mythological works, scholars have reflected on Spectre through multiple critical approaches including Jungian archetypal analysis, as a means of mapping Blake's mythology within intellectual history and within his own biographical experience. ==In Blake's works== The mythological character of Spectre is first introduced in Blake's prophetic book ''Jerusalem'': :I see the Four-fold Man, The Humanity in deadly sleep :And its fallen Emanation, the Spectre and its cruel Shadow. Elsewhere in ''Jerusalem'', Blake defines it this way: "The Spectre is the Reasoning Power in Man, and when separated from Imagination and closing itself as in steel in a Ratio of Things of Memory, It thence frames Laws and Moralities ()." The Spectre also appears in his published works ''Milton'' and ''The Four Zoas''. In his unpublished hand written workbook, known as the Rossetti Manuscript, he also drafted a poem that began "My Spectre around me night and day / Like a wild beast guards my way." 〔For a transcription of the poem see it on Wikisource〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Spectre (Blake)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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